How do energy systems work in Togo?

Energy systems in many countries, including Togo, is illustrated by a balance between centralised and distributed energy system – which is mostly used nowadays to improve energy reliability and independence by providing a more stable electricity supply (Kursun et al. 2015; Liu et al. 2019; CEET 2020; SOFRECO 2010).

Can Togo achieve universal access to electricity by 2030?

The small West African country plans to achieve universal access to electricity by 2030. Its main challenges are capacity, technology and expertise for generation. To meet demand, Togo has to import most of its energy from Ghana, Cote D'Ivoire and Nigeria. The country’s main source of energy is biomass.

Can solar PV and hydropower improve the energy situation in Togo?

With a three rounds Delphi method, the study captured the view of key stakeholders on the subject matter. It has been concluded that increasing the share of RE, namely solar PV and hydropower, could significantly improve the energy situation in Togo. This could be through the installation and development of small-scale solar plants and hydropower.

Where does Togo get its energy from?

To meet demand, Togo has to import most of its energy from Ghana, Cote D'Ivoire and Nigeria. The country’s main source of energy is biomass. About 76% comes from firewood, charcoal and vegetable waste. Petroleum products account for just over a quarter of energy needs, while electricity derived from thermal, hydropower and solar accounts for 4%.

How does energy consumption affect the economy in Togo?

Besides, its excessive consumption may sometimes lead to massive environmental pollution which takes a negative toll on the economy as illustrated by Qudrat-Ullah and Nevo (2021). Presently, the main source of energy in Togo is electricity.

How much energy does Togo need to reach the 2030 vision?

Based on the literature review, Togo relies on petroleum products (26%) and electricity (3%) which are imported, as indicated in Section 1. To reach the 2030 vision set by the government, experts suggested a percentage increase of 202 MW to the current electric power. 3.2. Drawback factors on RE development