What is Kazakhstan's energy mix?

Coal represents around half of Kazakhstan’s energy mix (50% in 2018), followed by oil and natural gas (both with 25% shares). Coal is mostly transformed into electricity and heat before reaching the final consumer. Coal fuels around 70% of electricity generation (in 2018), followed by natural gas (20% in 2018).

How much oil does Kazakhstan produce?

It produces more than twice as much crude oil as Azerbaijan but around half the natural gas produced in Turkmenistan. Kazakhstan’s total energy production (178 million tonnes of oil equivalent [Mtoe] in 2018) covers more than twice its energy demand. Kazakhstan is also a major energy exporter.

Is Kazakhstan a major energy exporter?

Kazakhstan is also a major energy exporter. In 2018, it was the world’s 9th-largest exporter of coal, 9th of crude oil and 12th of natural gas. In 2018, Kazakhstan’s energy consumption (measured by total primary energy supply) was 76 Mtoe, comparable to consumption in the Netherlands (73 Mtoe).

What is the main energy publication of the Republic of Kazakhstan?

The main energy publication is the annual Fuel and Energy Balance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It contains annual data on energy supply and demand in physical and energy units with sectoral breakdowns, as well as energy intensity indicators.

Should Kazakhstan adopt an energy security strategy?

Global trend of tightening carbon regulation presents yet another impetus for broader modernization and systemic reforms of energy sector in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan should articulate and adopt an official Energy Security Strategy document, guided by these general observations.

Will Kazakhstan achieve its INDC conditional emissions target by 2030?

Given its current trajectory, Kazakhstan may not achieve its INDC conditional emissions target by 2030; national GHG emissions may even drift upwards in early 2020s with further economic recovery and higher energy consumption; a more concerted effort is needed to reverse this.